Maggi
Administrator
Inhalt
Medication Recommendation for Psychosis – Schizophrenia (Short Version)
Overview
Transition & Sequence
Intermittent Administration
Core Components of the Strategy- 1. Intermittent Use of Aripiprazole
- 2. Continuous Intake of Bupropion (SNDRI)
- 3. Adjunctive Therapy During Intervals
- 4. Addiction Risk and Prevention
- 5. Nutritional Supplementation
Dosage Adjustment & Drug Interactions
Therapeutic Concept Summary- → Long Version ←
- → Current Print Version ←
Medication Recommendation for Psychosis – Schizophrenia (Short Version)
Status as of: Sep 29, 2025 Overview
This treatment approach combines the intermittent use of an atypical antipsychotic (preferably Aripiprazole) with the daily administration of Bupropion, a SNDRI antidepressant. The goal is not only to manage positive symptoms, but especially to improve negative symptoms and cognitive functioning (e.g., working memory, attention, executive control).Benefits and Use of Bupropion and Aripiprazole in Interval Therapy (Short Summary)
- Bupropion enhances alertness, focus, and mental clarity → significantly lowers the risk of delusions by enabling more reflective processing of psychotic triggers.
- During aripiprazole-free intervals, bupropion reduces irritability and inner restlessness — symptoms often reappear only after several months.
- Particularly effective against negative symptoms like slowed thinking and lack of motivation.
- Ideal for individuals with strong self-awareness or insight into their condition.
Positioning Interval Therapy within the Treatment Pathway
- Conventional antipsychotics (e.g. risperidone or depot formulations) are useful in the acute phase.
- Transitioning to activating agents like aripiprazole or cariprazine improves tolerability and motivation.
- Aripiprazole is highly suitable for interval treatment: even 5 mg can suffice for stabilization.
- Interval therapy offers hope: many patients on long-term medication experience relapses or stop treatment.
- Monotherapy is recommended — mild residual symptoms may even help foster self-reflection.
Conceptual Framework
- Complete symptom suppression is unrealistic — some symptoms (e.g. paranoid fears) reflect real inner conflicts.
- Interval therapy creates space for controlled engagement with psychotic experiences.
- Goal: more autonomy, with prospects for part-time work and social reintegration during stable phases.
Transition & Sequence
Starting Point: Daily administration of aripiprazole → stabilization and existing baseline therapy.Transition Phase:
- Gradual introduction of Bupropion (starting at 150 mg → slow increase to 300–450 mg due to seizure risk).
- If needed: Add Citalopram (for emotional dampening & prophylaxis).
- For sleep disturbances or addiction risks: Add Trimipramine or Trazodone.
Intermittent Administration
After successful transition to Bupropion:- Discontinue Aripiprazole for approx. 2–8 months.
- Then take Aripiprazole continuously for approx. 1–3 weeks.
Antidepressants regain their full efficacy once aripiprazole is reintroduced.The effects of bupropion and citalopram gradually diminish during the 2–8 month phase without aripiprazole. A brief reintroduction of aripiprazole (2–3 weeks) refreshes the antidepressant effect, allowing them to unfold their full efficacy again during the next discontinuation interval.
Bupropion may disrupt sleep – trimipramine reliably regulates this, but should be dosed carefully to avoid residual sedation in the morning.
Core Components of the Strategy
1. Intermittent Use of Aripiprazole
- Taken for approx. 1–3 weeks during early warning symptoms, followed by a pause of 2 to 6 months
- Goal: Short-term symptom control – especially stabilization of positive symptoms
- After discontinuation: notable improvement in negative symptoms and cognition (in combination with Bupropion)
- Aripiprazole should be reintroduced briefly if symptoms begin to worsen
2. Continuous Intake of Bupropion (SNDRI)
- Dosage: 300–450 mg daily (gradual titration recommended)
- Effects:
- Enhances cognition and reduces negative symptoms
- Calms inner agitation, irritability, and mood swings
- Supports smoking cessation through dopamine effects
- Limitation: Its effectiveness decreases after approx. 4–6 months → Aripiprazole needs to be reintroduced to maintain stability
Note: Bupropion is not effective against addictions such as alcohol, gambling, or compulsive shopping – additional support is needed in those cases.
3. Adjunctive Therapy During Intervals
SSRI Antidepressants (Citalopram, Sertraline or Escitalopram)- Regulate emotional reactivity and libido
- Improve depressive symptoms
- Help with urinary retention or constipation potentially caused by Bupropion
May cause restlessness during transition → Bupropion should be stabilized first
Tricyclic Antidepressants or SARI (Trimipramine drops or Trazodone)
- Trimipramine: strongly sedating, may cause daytime fatigue
- Trazodone: gentler, less residual sedation
- Used for sleep disturbances and addiction prevention, especially in activated phases with elevated drive (“reborn feeling”)
SARI (Trazodone) as an Alternative or Addition to SSRI
- For isolated sleep disturbances, 100 mg of Trazodone in the evening is typically sufficient.
- At higher doses (200–300 mg), Trazodone exhibits mild to moderate SSRI-like effects and may substitute for a conventional SSRI in some cases.
- Due to overlapping serotonergic mechanisms, combining SSRI + Trazodone should only be considered under strict clinical monitoring, especially in psychotic disorders, to reduce the risk of serotonin syndrome and unpredictable interactions.
Comparison of SERT Reuptake Inhibition:| Substance | Dose | Ki at human SERT (nM) | Estimated SERT Occupancy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citalopram | 20 mg | 1–2 | 80–90 % |
| Trazodone | 100 mg | 600–1,000 | 10–15 % |
| Trazodone | 200–300 mg | 600–1,000 | 20–30 % |
4. Addiction Risk and Prevention
- Antipsychotic-free interval phases often come with increased drive and a “reborn feeling” → elevates risk for alcohol, gambling, and shopping addiction
- Even brief use of Aripiprazole can trigger compulsive behavior in some cases
- Trimipramine or Trazodone can be protective, optionally combined with Naltrexone
Bupropion is especially effective in treating nicotine dependence, as it reduces craving via dopamine & noradrenaline reuptake inhibition
5. Nutritional Supplementation
- Vitamin B6 (50–100 mg/day): alleviates inner agitation and may reduce akathisia
- Magnesium & B-complex vitamins: support general stability and nervous system balance
- Niacin (Vitamin B3): improves circulation and may provide neurobiological benefits
Dosage Adjustment & Drug Interactions
Bupropion is a moderate CYP2D6 inhibitor, which can impact Aripiprazole metabolism:| Substance | Estimated Increase in Aripiprazole AUC |
|---|---|
| Quinidine (strong inhibitor) | +50–60% |
| Paroxetine (moderate) | +40–60% |
| Bupropion (moderate) | estimated: +20–40% |
Recommendation: One-time TDM (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring) for personalized dose adjustment when used in combination.
Source: Current assessment
Therapeutic Concept Summary
This patient-led approach provides a framework for long-term stabilization based on:- Short-term use of Aripiprazole to manage positive symptoms
- Ongoing Bupropion intake to support cognition and motivation
- Adjunctive medications to address sleep, emotional sensitivity, and addiction risks
- Supplements to aid in calming and physiological support
Goal: Achieving as normal a daily life as possible, with reduced medication load and targeted interventions instead of continuous antipsychotic use.